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Subpart D -- Technical Standards
S 97.301 Authorized frequency bands.
The following transmitting frequency bands are available to
an amateur station located within 50 km of the Earth's surface,
within the specified ITU Region and out side any area where the
amateur service is regulated by another country of another United
States government agency.
(a) For a station having a control operator holding a
Technician, General, Advanced or Amateur Extra Class operator
license:
Wavelength ITU ITU ITU Sharing requirements
band Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 See S 97.303,
Paragraph:
VHF MHz MHz MHz
6 m --- 50-54 50-54 (a)
2 m 144-146 144-148 144-148 (a)
1.25 m --- 220-225 --- (a), (b), (e)
UHF MHz MHz MHz
70 cm 430-440 420-450 430-440 (a), (b), (f)
33 cm --- 902-928 --- (a), (b), (g)
23 cm 1240-1300 1240-1300 1240-1300 (j)
13 cm 2300-2310 2300-2310 2300-2310 (a), (b), (j)
-do- 2390-2450 2390-2450 2390-2450 (a), (b), (j)
SHF GHz GHz GHz
9 cm --- 3.3-3.5 3.3-3.5 (a), (b), (k), (l)
5 cm 5.650-5.850 5.650-5.925 5.650-5.850 (a), (b), (m)
3 cm 10.00-10.50 10.00-10.50 10.00-10.50 (b), (c), (i), (n)
1.2 cm 24.00-24.25 24.00-24.25 24.00-24.25 (a), (b), (i), (o)
EHF GHz GHz GHz
6 mm 47.0-47.2 47.0-47.2 47.0-47.2
4 mm 75.5-81.0 75.5-81.0 75.5-81.0 (b), (c), (h)
2.5 mm 119.98-120.02 119.98-120.02 119.98-120.02 (k), (p)
2 mm 142-149 142-149 142-149 (b), (c), (h), (k)
1 mm 241-250 241-250 241-250 (b), (c), (h), (q)
--- above 300 above 300 above 300 (k)
(b) For a station having a control operator holding an
Amateur Extra Class operator license:
Wavelength ITU ITU ITU Sharing requirements
band Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 See S 97.303,
Paragraph:
MF kHz kHz kHz
160 m 1810-1850 1800-2000 1800-2000 (a), (b), (c)
HF MHz MHz MHz
80 m 3.50-3.75 3.50-3.75 3.50-3.75 (a)
75 m 3.75-3.80 3.75-4.00 3.75-3.90 (a)
40 m 7.0-7.1 7.0-7.3 7.0-7.1 (a)
30 m 10.10-10.15 10.10-10.15 10.10-10.15 (d)
20 m 14.00-14.35 14.00-14.35 14.00-14.35
17 m 18.068-18.168 18.068-18.168 18.068-18.168
15 m 21.00-21.45 21.00-21.45 21.00-21.45
12 m 24.89-24.99 24.89-24.99 24.89-24.99
10 m 28.0-29.7 28.0-29.7 28.0-29.7
(c) For a station having a control operator holding an
Advanced Class operator license:
Wavelength ITU ITU ITU Sharing requirements
band Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 See S 97.303,
Paragraph:
MF kHz kHz kHz
160 m 1810-1850 1800-2000 1800-2000 (a), (b), (c)
HF MHz MHz MHz
80 m 3.525-3.750 3.525-3.750 3.525-3.750 (a)
75 m 3.775-3.800 3.775-4.000 3.775-3.900 (a)
40 m 7.025-7.100 7.025-7.300 7.025-7.100 (a)
30 m 10.10-10.15 10.10-10.15 10.10-10.15 (d)
20 m 14.025-14.150 14.025-14.150 14.025-14.150
-do- 14.175-14.350 14.175-14.350 14.175-14.350
17 m 18.068-18.168 18.068-18.168 18.068-18.168
15 m 21.025-21.200 21.025-21.200 21.025-21.200
-do- 21.30-21.45 21.30-21.45 21.30-21.45
12 m 24.89-24.99 24.89-24.99 24.89-24.99
10 m 28.0-29.7 28.0-29.7 28.0-29.7
(d) For a station having a control operator holding a
General Class operator license:
Wavelength ITU ITU ITU Sharing requirements
band Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 See S 97.303,
Paragraph:
MF kHz kHz kHz
160 m 1810-1850 1800-2000 1800-2000 (a), (b), (c)
HF MHz MHz MHz
80 m 3.525-3.750 3.525-3.750 3.525-3.750 (a)
75 m --- 3.85-4.00 --- (a)
40 m 7.025-7.100 7.025-7.100 7.025-7.100 (a)
-do- --- 7.225-7.300 --- (a)
30 m 10.10-10.15 10.10-10.15 10.10-10.15 (d)
20 m 14.025-14.150 14.025-14.150 14.025-14.150
-do- 14.225-14.350 14.225-14.350 14.225-14.350
17 m 18.068-18.168 18.068-18.168 18.068-18.168
15 m 21.025-21.200 21.025-21.200 21.025-21.100
-do- 21.30-21.45 21.30-21.45 21.30-21.45
12 m 24.89-24.99 24.89-24.99 24.89-24.99
10 m 28.0-29.7 28.0-29.7 28.0-29.7
(e) For a station having a control operator holding a
Technician or Novice Class operator license:
Wavelength ITU ITU ITU Sharing requirements
band Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 See S 97.303,
Paragraph:
HF MHz MHz MHz
80 m 3.70-3.75 3.70-3.75 3.70-3.75 (a)
40 m 7.050-7.075 7.10-7.15 7.050-7.075 (a)
15 m 21.10-21.20 21.10-21.20 21.10-21.20
10 m 28.1-28.5 28.1-28.5 28.1-28.5
(f) For a station having a control operator holding a Novice
Class operator license:
Wavelength ITU ITU ITU Sharing requirements
band Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 See S 97.303,
Paragraph:
VHF MHz MHz MHz
1.25 m --- 222.10-223.91 --- (a), (b), (e)
UHF MHz MHz MHz
23 cm 1270-1295 1270-1295 1270-1295 (i)
S 97.303 Frequency sharing requirements.
The following is a summary of the frequency sharing
requirements that apply to amateur station transmissions on the
frequency bands specified in S 97.301 of this Part. (For each ITU
Region, each frequency band allocated to the amateur service is
designated as either a secondary service or a primary service. A
station in a secondary service must not cause harmful
interference to, and must accept interference from, stations in a
primary service. See SS 2.105 and 2.106 of the FCC Rules, United
States Table of Frequency Allocations for complete requirements.)
(a) Where, in adjacent ITU Regions or Subregions, a band of
frequencies is allocated to different services of the same
category, the basic principle is the equality of right to
operate. The stations of each service in one region must operate
so as not to cause harmful interference to services in the other
Regions or Subregions. (See ITU Radio Regulations, No. 346
(Geneva, 1979).)
(b) No amateur station transmitting in the 1900-2000 kHz
segment, the 1.25 m band, the 70 cm band, the 33 cm band, the 13
cm band, the 9 cm band, the 5 cm band, the 3 cm band, the 24.05-
24.24 GHz segment, the 76-81 GHz segment, the 144-149 GHz segment
and the 241-248 GHz segment shall cause harmful interference to,
nor is protected from interference due to the operation of, the
Government radiolocation service.
(c) No amateur station transmitting in the 1900-2000 kHz
segment, the 3 cm band, the 76-81 GHz segment, the 144-149 GHz
segment and the 241-248 GHz segment shall cause harmful
interference to, nor is protected from interference due to the
operation of, stations in the non-Government radiolocation
service.
(d) No amateur station transmitting in the 30 meter band
shall cause harmful interference to stations authorized by other
nations in the fixed service. The licensee of the amateur station
must make all necessary adjustments, including termination of
transmissions, if harmful interference is caused.
(e) The 1.25 m band is allocated to the amateur, fixed and
mobile services in the United States on a co-primary basis. The
basic principle that applies is the equality of right to operate.
Amateur, fixed and mobile stations must operate so as not to
cause harmful interference to each other.
(f) In the 70 cm band:
(1) No amateur station shall transmit from north of Line A
in the 420-430 MHz segment.
(2) The 420-430 MHz segment is allocated to the amateur
service in the United States on a secondary basis, and is
allocated in the fixed and mobile (except aeronautical mobile)
services in the International Table of allocations on a primary
basis. No amateur station transmitting in this band shall cause
harmful interference to, nor is protected from interference due
to the operation of, stations authorized by other nations in the
fixed and mobile (except aeronautical mobile) services.
(3) The 430-440 MHz segment is allocated to the amateur
service on a secondary basis in ITU Regions 2 and 3. No amateur
station transmitting in this band in ITU Regions 2 and 3 shall
cause harmful interference to, nor is protected from interference
due to the operation of, stations authorized by other nations in
the radiolocation service. In ITU Region 1, the 430-440 MHz
segment is allocated to the amateur service on a co-primary basis
with the radiolocation service. As between these two services in
this band in ITU Region 1, the basic principle that applies is
the equality of right to operate. Amateur stations authorized by
the United States and radiolocation stations authorized by other
nations in ITU Region 1 shall operate so as not to cause harmful
interference to each other.
(4) No amateur station transmitting in the 449.5-450 MHz
segment shall cause interference to, nor is protected from
interference due to the operation of stations in, the space
operation service and the space research service or Government or
non-Government stations for space telecommand.
(g) In the 33 cm band:
(1) No amateur station shall transmit from within the States
of Colorado and Wyoming, bounded on the south by latitude 39\o/
N, on the north by latitude 42\o/ N, on the east by longitude
105\o/ W, and on the west by longitude 180\o/ W. This band is
allocated on a secondary basis to the amateur service subject to
not causing harmful interference to, and not receiving protection
from any interference due to the operation of, industrial,
scientific and medical devices, automatic vehicle monitoring
systems or Government stations authorized in this band.
(2) No amateur station shall transmit from those portions of
the States of Texas and New Mexico bounded on the south by
latitude 31\o/ 41' N, on the north by latitude 34\o/ 30'N, on the
east by longitude 104\o/ 11' W, and on the west by longitude
107\o/ 30'W.
(h) No amateur station transmitting in the 23 cm band, the 3
cm band, the 24.05-24.25 GHz segment, the 76-81 GHz segment, the
144-149 GHz segment and the 241-248 GHz segment shall cause
harmful interference to, nor is protected from interference due
to the operation of, stations authorized by other nations in the
radiolocation service.
(i) In the 1240-1260 MHz segment, no amateur station shall
cause harmful interference to, nor is protected from interference
due to the operation of, stations in the radionavigation-
satellite service.
(j) In the 13 cm band:
(1) The amateur service is allocated on a secondary basis in
all ITU Regions. In ITU Region 1, no amateur station shall cause
harmful interference to, and is not protected from interference
due to the operation of, stations authorized by other nations in
the fixed service. In ITU Regions 2 and 3, no station shall cause
harmful interference to, and is not protected from interference
due to the operation of, stations authorized by other nations in
the fixed, mobile and radiolocation services.
(2) In the United States, the 2300-2310 MHz segment is
allocated to the amateur service on a co-secondary basis with the
Government fixed and mobile services. In this segment, the fixed
and mobile services must not cause harmful interference to the
amateur service. No amateur station transmitting in the 2400-2450
MHz segment is protected from interference due to the operation
of industrial, scientific and medical devices on 2450 MHz.
(k) No amateur station transmitting in the 3.332-3.339 GHz
and 3.3458-3525 GHz segments, the 2.5 mm band, the 144.68-144.98
GHz, 145.45-145.75 and 146.82-147.12 GHz segments and the 343-348
GHz segment shall cause harmful interference to stations in the
radio astronomy service. No amateur station transmitting in the
300-302 GHz, 324-326 GHz, 345-347 GHz, 363-365 GHz and 379-381
GHz segments shall cause harmful interference to stations in the
space research service (passive) or Earth exploration-satellite
service (passive).
(l) In the 9 cm band:
(1) In ITU Regions 2 and 3, the band is allocated to the
amateur service on a secondary basis.
(2) In the United States, the band is allocated to the
amateur service on a co-secondary basis with the non-Government
radiolocation service.
(3) In the 3.3-3.4 GHz segment, no amateur station shall
cause harmful interference to, nor is protected from interference
due to the operation of, stations authorized by other nations in
the radiolocation service.
(4) In the 3.4-3.5 GHz segment, no amateur station shall
cause harmful interference to, nor is protected from interference
due to the operation of, stations authorized by other nations in
the fixed and fixed-satellite service.
(m) In the 5 cm band:
(1) In the 5.650-5.725 GHz segment, the amateur service is
allocated in all ITU Regions on a co-secondary basis with the
space research (deep space) service.
(2) In the 5.725-5.850 GHz segment, the amateur service is
allocated in all ITU Regions on a secondary basis. No amateur
station shall cause harmful interference to, nor is protected
from interference due to the operation of, stations authorized by
other nations in the fixed-satellite service in ITU Region 1.
(3) No amateur station transmitting in the 5.725-5.875 GHz
segment is protected from interference due to the operation of
industrial, scientific and medical devices operating on 5.8 GHz.
(4) In the 5.650-5.850 GHz segment, no amateur station shall
cause harmful interference to, nor is protected from interference
due to the operation of, stations authorized by other nations in
the radiolocation service.
(5) In the 5.850-5.925 GHz segment, the amateur service is
allocated in ITU Region 2 on a co-secondary basis with the
radiolocation service. In the United States, the segment is
allocated to the amateur service on a secondary basis to the non-
Government fixed-satellite service. No amateur station shall
cause harmful interference to, nor is protected from interference
due to the operation of, stations authorized by other nations in
the fixed, fixed-satellite and mobile services. No amateur
station shall cause harmful interference to, nor is protected
from interference due to the operation of, stations in the non-
Government fixed-satellite service.
(n) In the 3 cm band:
(1) In the United States, the 3 cm band is allocated to the
amateur service on a co-secondary basis with the non-government
radiolocation service.
(2) In the 10.00-10.45 segment in ITu Regions 1 and 3, no
amateur station shall cause interference to, nor is protected
from interference due to the operation of, stations authorized by
other nations in the fixed and mobile services.
(o) No amateur station transmitting in the 1.2 cm band is
protected from interference due to the operation of industrial,
scientific and medical devices on 24.125 GHz. In the United
States, the 24.05-24.25 GHz segment is allocated to the amateur
service on a co-secondary basis with the non-government
radiolocation and Government and non-government Earth
exploration-satellite (active) services.
(p) The 2.5 mm band is allocated to the amateur service on a
secondary basis. No amateur station transmitting in this band
shall cause harmful interference to, nor is protected from
interference due to the operation of, stations in the fixed,
inter-satellite and mobile services.
(q) No amateur station transmitting in the 244-246 GHz
segment of the 1 mm band is protected from interference due to
the operation of industrial, scientific and medical devices on
245 GHz.
S 97.305 Authorized emission types.
(a) An amateur station may transmit a CW emission on any
frequency authorized to the control operator.
(b) A station may transmit a test emission on any frequency
authorized to the control operator for brief periods for
experimental purposes, except that no pulse modulation emission
may be transmitted on any frequency where pulse is not
specifically authorized.
(c) A station may transmit the following emission types on
the frequencies indicated, as authorized to the control operator,
subject to the standards specified in S 97.307(f) of this Part.
Wavelength Frequencies Emission types Standards
band authorized See S 97.307(f)
Paragraph:
MF
160 m entire band phone, image,
RTTY, data (1), (2), (3)
HF
80 m entire band RTTY, data (3), (9)
75 m entire band phone, image (1), (2)
40 m 7.000-7.075 MHz RTTY, data (c), (9)
-do- 7.075-7.100 MHz phone, image (1), (2), (9), (11)
-do- 7.10-7.15 MHz RTTY, data (1), (9)
-do- 7.15-7.30 MHz phone, image (1), (2)
30 m entire band RTTY, data (3)
20 m 14.00-14.15 MHz RTTY, data (3)
-do- 14.15-14.35 MHz phone, image (1), (2)
17 m 18.068-18.110 MHz RTTY, data (3)
-do- 18.110-18.168 MHz phone, image (1), (2)
15 m 21.0-21.2 MHz RTTY, data (3), (9)
-do- 21.20-21.45 MHz phone, image (1), (2)
12 m 24.89-24.93 MHz RTTY, data (3)
-do- 24.93-24.99 MHz phone, image (1), (2)
10 m 28.0-28.3 MHz RTTY, data (4)
-do- 28.3-29.5 MHz phone, image (1), (2), (10)
-do- 28.5-29.0 MHz phone, image (1), (2)
-do- 29.0-29.7 MHz phone, image (1)
VHF
6 m 50.1-51.0 MHz MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data (2), (5)
-do- 51.0-54.0 MHz MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, test (2), (5), (8)
2 m 144.1-148.0 MHz MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, test (2), (5), (8)
1.25 m entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, test (2), (5), (8)
UHF
70 cm entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS, test (6), (8)
33 cm entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS, test
pulse (7), (8), (12)
23 cm entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS, test (7), (8), (12)
13 cm entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS, test
pulse (7), (8), (12)
SHF
9 cm entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS, test,
pulse (7), (8), (12)
5 cm entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS, test,
pulse (7), (8), (12)
3 cm entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS, test (7), (8), (12)
1.2 cm entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS, test,
pulse (7), (8), (12)
EHF
6 mm entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS, test,
pulse (7), (8), (12)
4 mm entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS, test,
pulse (7), (8), (12)
2.5 mm entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS, test,
pulse (7), (8), (12)
2 mm entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS, test,
pulse (7), (8), (12)
1 mm entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS, test,
pulse (7), (8), (12)
--- above 300 GHz MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS, test,
pulse (7), (8), (12)
S 97.307 Emission standards.
(a) No amateur station transmission shall occupy more
bandwidth than necessary for the information rate and emission
type being transmitted, in accordance with good amateur practice.
(b) Emissions resulting from modulation must be confined to
the band or segment available to the control operator. Emissions
outside the necessary bandwidth must not cause splatter or
keyclick interference to operations on adjacent frequencies.
(c) All spurious emissions from a station transmitter must
be reduced to the greatest extent practicable. If any spurious
emission, including chassis or power line radiation, causes
harmful interference to the reception of another radio station,
the licensee of the interfering amateur station is required to
take steps to eliminate the interference, in accordance with good
engineering practice.
(d)The mean power of any spurious emission from a station
transmitter or external RF power amplifier transmitting on a
frequency below 30 MHz must not exceed 50 mW and must be at least
40 dB below the mean power of the fundamental emission. For a
transmitter of mean power less than 5 W, the attenuation must be
at least 30 dB. A transmitter built before April 15, 1977, or
first marketed before January 1, 1978, is exempt from this
requirement.
(e) The mean power of any spurious emission from a station
transmitter or external RF power amplifier transmitting on a
frequency between 30-225 MHz must be at least 60 dB below the
mean power of the fundamental. For a transmitter having a mean
power of 25 W or less, the mean power of any spurious emission
supplied to the antenna transmission line must not exceed 25 uW
and must be at least 40 dB below the mean power of the
fundamental emission, but need not be reduced below the power of
10 uW. A transmitter built before April 15, 1977, or first
marketed before January 1, 1978, is exempt from this requirement.
(f) The following standards and limitations apply to
transmissions on the frequencies specified in S 97.305(c) of this
Part.
(1)No angle-modulated emission may have a modulation index
greater than 1 at the highest modulation frequency.
(2) No non-phone emission shall exceed the bandwidth of a
communications quality phone emission of the same modulation
type. The total bandwidth of an independent sideband emission
(having B as the first symbol), or a multiplexed image and phone
emission, shall not exceed that of a communications quality A3E
emission.
(3) Only a RTTY or data emission using a specified digital
code listed in S 97.309(a) of this Part may be transmitted. The
symbol rate must not exceed 300 bauds, or for frequency-shift
keying, the frequency shift between mark and space must not
exceed 1 kHz.
(4) Only a RTTY or data emission using a specified digital
code listed in S 97.309(a) of this Part may be transmitted. The
symbol rate must not exceed 1200 bauds. For frequency-shift
keying, the frequency shift between mark and space must not
exceed 1 kHz.
(5) A RTTY, data or multiplexed emission using a specified
digital code listed in S 97.309(a) of this Part may be
transmitted. The symbol rate must not exceed 19.6 kilobauds. For
frequency-shift keying, the frequency shift between mark and
space must not exceed 1 kHz. A RTTY, data or multiplexed emission
using an unspecified digital code under the limitations listed in
S 97.309(b) of this Part also may be transmitted. The authorized
bandwidth is 20 kHz.
(6) A RTTY, data or multiplexed emission using a specified
digital code listed in S 97.309(a) of this Part may be
transmitted. The symbol rate must not exceed 56 kilobauds. For
frequency-shift keying, the frequency shift between mark and
space must not exceed 1 kHz. A RTTY, data or multiplexed emission
using an unspecified digital code under the limitations listed in
S 97.309(b) of this Part also may be transmitted. The authorized
bandwidth is 100 kHz.
(7) A RTTY, data or multiplexed emission using a specified
digital code listed in S 97.309(a) of this Part or an unspecified
digital code under the limitations listed in S 97.309(b) of this
Part may be transmitted.
(8) A RTTY or data emission having designators with A, B, C,
D, E, F, G, H, J or R as the first symbol; 1, 2, 7 or 9 as the
second symbol; and D or W as the third symbol is also authorized.
(9) A station having a control operator holding a Novice or
Technician Class operator license may only transmit a CW emission
using the international Morse code.
(10) A station having a control operator holding a Novice or
Technician Class operator license may only transmit a CW emission
using the international Morse code or phone emissions J3E and
R3E.
(11) Phone and image emissions may be transmitted only by
stations located in ITU Regions 1 and 3, and by stations located
within ITU Region 2 that are west of 130 \o/ West longitude or
south of 20\o/ North latitude.
(12) Emission F8E may be transmitted.
S 97.309 RTTY and digital emission codes.
(a) Where authorized by SS 97.305(c) and 97.307(f) of this
Part, an amateur station may transmit a RTTY or data emission
using the following specified digital codes:
(1) The 5-unit, start-stop, International Telegraph Alphabet
No. 2, code defined in International Telegraph and Telephone
Consultative Committee Recommendation F.1, Division C, and
extensions as provided for in CCITT Recommendation T.61 (Malaga-
Torremolinos, 1984).
(2) The 7-unit code specified in International Radio
Consultative Committee Recommendation CCIR 476-1 (1978), 476-3
(1982), 476-4 (1986) or 625 (1986).
(3) The 7-unit code defined in American National Standards
Institute X3.4-1977 or International Alphabet No. 5 as defined in
International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee
Recommendation T.50 or in International Organization for
Standardization, International Standard ISO 646 (1983).
(b) Where authorized by SS 97.305(c) and 97.307(f) of this
Part, a station may transmit a RTTY or data emission using an
unspecified digital code, except to a station in a country with
which the United States does not have an agreement permitting the
code to be used. RTTY and data emissions using unspecified
digital codes must not be transmitted for the purpose of
obscuring the meaning of any communication. When deemed necessary
by an EIC to assure compliance with the FCC Rules, a station
must:
(1) Cease the transmission using the unspecified digital
code;
(2) Restrict transmission of any digital code to the extent
instructed;
(3) Maintain a record, convertible to the original
information, of all digital communications transmitted.
S 97.311 SS emission types.
(a) SS emission transmissions by an amateur station are
authorized only for communications between points within areas
where the amateur service is regulated by the FCC. SS emission
transmissions must not be used for the purpose of obscuring the
meaning of any communication.
(b) Stations transmitting SS emission must not cause harmful
interference to stations employing other authorized emissions,
and must accept all interference caused by stations employing
other authorized emissions. For the purposes of this paragraph,
unintended triggering of carrier operated repeaters is not
considered to be harmful interference.
(c) Only the following types of SS emission transmissions
are authorized (hybrid SS emissions transmissions involving both
spreading techniques are prohibited):
(1) Frequency hopping where the carrier of the transmitted
signal is modulated with unciphered information and changes
frequency at fixed intervals under the direction of a high speed
code sequence.
(2) Direct sequence where the information is modulo-2 added
to a high speed code sequence. the combined information and code
are then used to modulate the RF carrier. The high speed code
sequence dominates the modulation function, and is the direct
cause of the wide spreading of the transmitted signal.
(d) The only spreading sequences that are authorized are
from the output of one binary linear feedback shift register
(which may be implemented in hardware or software).
(1) Only the following sets of connections may be used:
Number of stages Taps used
in shift register in feedback
7 7,1
13 13, 4, 3, 1
19 19, 5, 2, 1
(2) The shift register must not be reset other than by its
feedback during an individual transmission. The shift register
output sequence must be used without alterations.
(3) The output of the last stage of the binary linear
feedback shift register must be used as follows:
(i) For frequency hopping transmissions using x frequencies,
n consecutive bits from the shift register must be used to select
the next frequency from a list of frequencies sorted in ascending
order. Each consecutive frequency must be selected by a
consecutive block of n bits. (Where n is the smallest integer
greater than log/2\ x.)
(ii) For direct sequence transmissions using m-ary
modulation, consecutive blocks of log/2\ m bits from the shift
register must be used to select the transmitted signal during
each interval.
(e) The station records must document all SS emission
transmissions and must be retained for a period of 1 year
following the last entry. The station records must include
sufficient information to enable the FCC, using the information
contained therein, to demodulate all transmissions. The station
records must contain at least the following:
(1) A technical description of the transmitted signal;
(2) Pertinent parameters describing the transmitted signal
including the frequency or frequencies of operation and, where
applicable, the chip rate, the code rate, the spreading function,
the transmission protocol(s) including the method of achieving
synchronization, and the modulation type;
(3) A general description of the type of information being
conveyed, (voice, text, memory dump, facsimile, television,
etc.);
(4) The method and, if applicable, the frequency or
frequencies used for station identification; and
(5) The date of beginning and the date of ending use of each
type of transmitted signal.
(f) When deemed necessary by an EIC to assure compliance
with this Part, a station licensee must:
(1) Cease SS emission transmissions;
(2) Restrict SS emission transmissions to the extent
instructed; and
(3) Maintain a record, convertible to the original
information (voice, text, image, etc.) of all spread spectrum
communications transmitted.
(g) The transmitter power must not exceed 100 W.
S 97.313 Transmitter power standards.
(a) An amateur station must use the minimum transmitter
power necessary to carry out the desired communications.
(b) No station may transmit with a transmitter power
exceeding 1.5 kW PEP. Until June 2, 1990, a station transmitting
emission A3E is exempt from this requirement provided the power
input (both RF and direct current) to the final amplifying stage
supplying RF power to the antenna feed line does not exceed 1 kW,
exclusive of power for heating the cathodes of vacuum tubes.
(c) No station may transmit with a transmitter power
exceeding 200 W PEP on:
(1) The 3.70-3.75 MHz, 7.10-7.15 MHz, 10.10-10.15 MHz and
21.1-21.2 MHz segments;
(2) The 28.1-28.5 MHz segment when the control operator is a
Novice or Technician operator; or
(3) The 7.050-7.075 MHz segment when the station is within
ITU Regions 1 or 3.
(d) No station may transmit with a transmitter power
exceeding 25 W PEP on the VHF 1.25 m band when the control
operator is a Novice operator.
(e) No station may transmit with a transmitter power
exceeding 5 W PEP on the UHF 23 cm band when the control operator
is a Novice operator.
(f) No station may transmit with a transmitter power
exceeding 50 W PEP on the UHF 70 cm band from an area specified
in footnote US7 to S 2.106 of the FCC Rules, unless expressly
authorized by the FCC after mutual agreement, on a case-by-case
basis, between the EIC of the applicable field facility and the
military area frequency coordinator at the applicable military
base. An Earth station or telecommand station, however, may
transmit on the 435-438 MHz segment with a maximum of 611 W
effective radiated power (1 kW equivalent isotropically radiated
power) without the authorization otherwise required. The
transmitting antenna elevation angle between the lower half-power
(-3 dB relative to the peak or antenna bore sight) point and the
horizon must always be greater than 10\o/.
(g) No station may transmit with a transmitter power
exceeding 50 W PEP on the 33 cm band from within 241 km of the
boundaries of the White Sands Missile Range. Its boundaries are
those portions of Texas and New Mexico bounded on the south by
latitude 31\o/ 41' North, on the east by longitude 104\o/ 11'
West, on the north by latitude 34\o/ 30' North, and on the west
by longitude 107\o/ 30' West.
S 97.315 Type acceptance of external RF power amplifiers.
(a) No more than 1 unit of 1 model of an external RF power
amplifier capable of operation below 144 MHz may be constructed
or modified during any calendar year by an amateur operator for
use at a station without a grant of type acceptance. No amplifier
capable of operation below 144 MHz may be constructed or modified
by a non-amateur operator without a grant of type acceptance from
the FCC.
(b) Any external RF power amplifier or external RF power
amplifier kit (see S 2.815 of the FCC Rules), manufactured,
imported or modified for use in a station or attached at any
station must be type accepted for use in the amateur service in
accordance with Subpart J of Part 2 of the FCC Rules. This
requirement does not apply if one or more of the following
conditions are met:
(1) The amplifier is not capable of operation on frequencies
below 144 MHz. For the purpose of this part, an amplifier will be
deemed to be incapable of operation below 144 MHz if it is not
capable of being easily modified to increase its amplification
characteristics below 120 MHz and either:
(i) The mean output power of the amplifier decreases, as
frequency decreases from 144 MHz, to a point where 0 dB or less
gain is exhibited at 120 MHz; or
(ii) The amplifier is not capable of amplifying signals
below 120 MHz even for brief periods without sustaining permanent
damage to its amplification circuitry.
(2) The amplifier was manufactured before April 28, 1978,
and has been issued a marketing waiver by the FCC, or the
amplifier was purchased before April 28, 1978, by an amateur
operator for use at that amateur operator's station.
(3) The amplifier was:
(i) Constructed by the licensee, not from an external RF
power amplifier kit, for use at the licensee's station; or
(ii) Modified by the licensee for use at the licensee's
station.
(4) The amplifier is sold by an amateur operator to another
amateur operator or to a dealer.
(5) The amplifier is purchased in used condition by an
equipment dealer from an amateur operator and the amplifier is
further sold to another amateur operator for use at that
operator's station.
(c) A list of type accepted equipment may be inspected at
FCC headquarters in Washington, DC, or at any FCC field location.
Any external RF power amplifier appearing on this list as type
accepted for use in the amateur service may be marketed for use
in the amateur service.
S 97.317 Standards for type acceptance of external RF power
amplifiers.
(a) To receive a grant of type acceptance, the amplifier
must satisfy the spurious emission standards of S 97.307(d) or
(e) of this Part, as applicable, when the amplifier is:
(1) Operated at its full output power;
(2) Placed in the "standby" or "off" positions, but still
connected to the transmitter; and
(3) Driven with at least 50 W mean RF input power (unless a
higher drive level is specified).
(b) To receive a grant of type acceptance, the amplifier
must not be capable of operation on any frequency or frequencies
between 24 MHz and 35 MHz. The amplifier will be deemed incapable
of such operation if it:
(1) Exhibits no more than 6 dB gain between 24 MHz and 26
MHz and between 28 MHz and 35 MHz. (This gain will be determined
by the ratio of the input RF driving signal (mean power
measurement) to the mean RF output power of the amplifier); and
(2) Exhibits no amplification (0 dB gain) between 26 MHz and
28 MHz.
(c) Type acceptance may be denied when denial would prevent
the use of these amplifiers in services other than the amateur
service. The following features will result in dismissal or
denial of an application for type acceptance:
(1) Any accessible wiring which, when altered, would permit
operation of the amplifier in a manner contrary to the FCC Rules;
(2) Circuit boards or similar circuitry to facilitate the
addition of components to change the amplifier's operating
characteristics in a manner contrary to the FCC Rules;
(3) Instructions for operation or modification of the
amplifier in a manner contrary to FCC Rules;
(4) Any internal or external controls or adjustments to
facilitate operation of the amplifier in a manner contrary to the
FCC Rules;
(5) Any internal RF sensing circuitry or any external
switch, the purpose of which is to place the amplifier in the
transmit mode;
(6) The incorporation of more gain in the amplifier than is
necessary to operate in the amateur service; for purposes of this
paragraph, the amplifier must:
(i) Not be capable of achieving designed output power when
driven with less than 50 W mean RF input power;
(ii) Not be capable of amplifying the input RF driving
signal by more than 15 dB, unless the amplifier has a designed
transmitter power of less than 1.5 kW (in such a case, gain must
be reduced by the same number of dB as the transmitter power
relationship to 1.5 kW; This gain limitation is determined by the
ratio of the input RF driving signal to the RF output power of
the amplifier where both signals are expressed in peak envelope
power or mean power);
(iii) No exhibit more gain than permitted by paragraph
(c)(6)(ii) of this Section when driven by an RF input signal of
less than 50 W mean power; and
(iv) Be capable of sustained operation at its designed power
level;
(7) Any attenuation in the input of the amplifier which,
when removed or modified, would permit the amplifier to function
at its designed transmitter power when driven by an RF frequency
input signal of less than 50 W mean power; or
(8) Any other features designed to facilitate operation in a
telecommunication service other than the Amateur Radio Services,
such as the Citizens Band (CB) Radio Service.
*eof